Percepção de imagem corporal, características socioeconômicas e estilo de vida em mulheres participantes do ELSA-Brasil na Bahia, Brasil / Body image perception, socioeconomic characteristics, and lifestyle in women participating in ELSA-Brasil in Bahia, Brazil / Percepción de la imagen corporal, características socioeconómicas y estilo de vida en mujeres participantes del ELSA-Brasil en Bahía, Brasil

Distorção da imagem corporal é uma alteração da percepção do corpo que pode repercutir na saúde. Este estudo visa estimar, entre mulheres participantes do Estudo Longitudinal de Saúde do Adulto (ELSA-Brasil) residentes na Bahia, Brasil, a prevalência de acurácia e distorção da imagem corporal e investigar associações com características socioeconômicas, estilo de vida e procura de cuidados ginecológicos. Participaram 609 mulheres de 50-69 anos de idade que responderam, entre 2012-2014, questionários aplicados face a face. Foi utilizada a escala de silhuetas de Stunkard para investigar a percepção acurada ou distorcida para mais ou menos peso. A razão de risco relativo (RR) foi calculada por meio de regressão logística multinomial por meio do Stata 13. A maioria das participantes tem perspectiva acurada do próprio corpo (53,7%). Entre aquelas com percepção distorcida, há uma tendência à distorção para menos peso (38,1%). Na análise de regressão multinomial, permaneceram associadas à distorção para menos peso as variáveis raça/cor e escolaridade, sendo que a primeira foi positivamente associada à distorção para menos peso entre as pardas (RR = 1,89; IC95%: 1,13-3,16) e pretas (RR = 2,10; IC95%: 1,25-3,55), enquanto a segunda entre aquelas com escolaridade até o Ensino Médio (RR = 1,65; IC95%: 1,18-2,33). Não houve associações quanto às demais variáveis, nem com distorção para mais peso. Os resultados contribuem para a explicação das relações entre percepção da imagem corporal e fatores socioeconômicos, revelando que mulheres de raça/cor diferentes e variados níveis de escolaridade são influenciadas de formas distintas pelos discursos sociais, o que impacta a percepção da sua imagem corporal.

Body image distortion is an alteration in the perception of the body that can have repercussions on health. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of body image accuracy and distortion among women participating in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil) living in Bahia State, Brazil, and to investigate associations with socioeconomic characteristics, lifestyle, and gynecological care seeking. A total of 609 women aged 50 to 69 years participated in the study, who answered face-to-face questionnaires from 2012 to 2014. The Stunkard silhouette scale was used to investigate accurate or distorted perception for more or less weight. The relative risk ratio (RR) was calculated by multinomial logistic regression using Stata 13. Most participants have an accurate perception of their own bodies (53.7%). Among those with distorted perception, there is a tendency to distort towards less weight (38.1%). In the multinomial regression analysis, the variables race/skin color and education remained associated with the distortion towards underweight. The race/skin color variable was positively associated with the distortion towards underweight among Mixed-race women (RR = 1.89; 95%CI: 1.13-3.16) and black (RR = 2.10; 95%CI: 1.25-3.55), while the education variable among those with up to high school education (RR = 1.65; 95%CI: 1.18-2.33). There were no associations with the other variables or with distortion for more weight. The results contribute to explaining the relationships between body image perception and socioeconomic factors, revealing that women of different races/skin colors and varying educational levels are influenced in different ways by social discourses, impacting the perception of their body image.

La distorsión de la imagen corporal es una alteración en la percepción del cuerpo que puede repercutir en la salud. Este estudio busca estimar, entre las mujeres participantes del Estudio Longitudinal de Salud del Adulto (ELSA-Brasil) que viven en Bahía, Brasil, la prevalencia de precisión y distorsión de la imagen corporal e investigar asociaciones con las características socioeconómicas, el estilo de vida y la busca de atención ginecológica. Participaron 609 mujeres que tenían entre 50 y 69 años que contestaron los cuestionarios aplicados cara a cara entre 2012 y 2014. Se utilizó la escala de siluetas de Stunkard para investigar la percepción precisa o distorsionada para más o menos peso. El cociente de riesgo relativo (RR) se calculó a través de regresión logística multinomial utilizando el Stata 13. La mayoría de los participantes tiene una perspectiva precisa del propio cuerpo (53,7%). Entre las personas con percepción distorsionada hay una tendencia a la distorsión para menos peso (38,1%). En el análisis de regresión multinomial, las variables raza/color y escolaridad permanecieron asociadas con la distorsión para menos peso, siendo la primera positivamente asociada con la distorsión para menos peso entre las mujeres pardas (RR = 1,89; IC95%: 1,13-3,16) y negras (RR = 2,10; IC95%: 1,25-3,55), mientras la segunda entre las mujeres que estudiaron hasta la enseñanza secundaria (RR = 1,65; IC95%: 1,18-2,33). No hubo asociaciones con las otras variables ni con la distorsión para más peso. Los resultados contribuyen para explicar las relaciones entre la percepción de la imagen corporal y los factores socioeconómicos, demostrando que mujeres de diferentes razas/colores y diferentes niveles de educación se influyen de distintas formas a través de discursos sociales, lo que impacta en la percepción de su imagen corporal.

Associação entre domínios da atividade física e sintomas depressivos em adultos brasileiros: todo movimento conta? / Asociación entre dominios de actividad física y síntomas depresivos en adultos brasileños: ¿cada movimiento cuenta? / Association between physical activity domains and depressive symptoms among Brazilian adults: does every move count?

Resumo: O objetivo desta pesquisa foi investigar a relação da prática de atividade física nos quatro domínios (tempo livre, deslocamento, doméstico e trabalho) e a prevalência de sintomas depressivos em adultos brasileiros, de maneira geral e estratificando-se por sexo, escolaridade e ter ou não diagnóstico referido de depressão. Estudo transversal, com dados de 88.531 indivíduos de 18 anos ou mais, respondentes da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde de 2019. Os sintomas depressivos foram avaliados pelo Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (Questionário de Saúde do Paciente-9, PHQ-9). Foram considerados fisicamente ativos aqueles que referiram realizar atividade física pelo menos uma vez por semana no respectivo domínio. Adicionalmente, foi realizado o cálculo de tempo de prática semanal, sendo posteriormente divididos em quartis em cada domínio. Para as análises de associação, foram calculados o odds ratio bruto (ORbruto) e ajustado (ORajustado), no total e nas análises estratificadas. Os fisicamente ativos no tempo livre tiveram menor chance de apresentar sintomas depressivos, no total (ORajustado = 0,74; IC95%: 0,64-0,86) e em todas as estratificações, menos naqueles com depressão autorreferida. As associações na atividade física no tempo livre foram mais frequentes naqueles que praticavam entre 121 e 360 minutos semanais. Os indivíduos ativos nos domínios de deslocamento, doméstico e trabalho tiveram maior chance de apresentar sintomas depressivos em alguns grupos, com resultados mais consistentes para a atividade física doméstica. Os resultados evidenciaram que a relação da atividade física com a depressão em brasileiros varia conforme o domínio e a duração da atividade física, e que a ideia de que "todo movimento conta" parece adequada apenas para o domínio de tempo livre.

Resumen: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar la práctica de actividad física en cuatro dominios (ocio, desplazamiento, actividad doméstica y trabajo) y la prevalencia de síntomas depresivos en adultos brasileños, en general y estratificada por sexo, escolaridad y diagnóstico de depresión autoinformado. Se trata de un estudio transversal con datos de 88.531 individuos de 18 años o más, que respondieron la Encuesta Nacional de Salud en el 2019. Los síntomas depresivos se evaluaron mediante el Cuestionario sobre la Salud del Paciente-9 (PHQ-9). Aquellos que realizan actividad física al menos una vez por semana en un dominio determinado se consideraron físicamente activos. Además, se calculó el tiempo de actividad física y luego se dividió en cuartiles para cada dominio. Para los análisis de asociación, se calcularon el odds ratio crudo (ORcrudo) y el odds ratio ajustado (ORajustado) para los análisis total y estratificado. Los individuos que son físicamente activos en durante el ocio presentaron menos probabilidades de tener síntomas depresivos, en el total (ORajustado = 0,74; IC95%: 0,64-0,86) y en todas las estratificaciones, excepto los individuos con depresión autoinformada. Las asociaciones de actividad física en el tiempo libre fueron más frecuentes en quienes practicaban de 121 a 360 minutos/semana. Los individuos que eran activos en los dominios desplazamiento, actividad doméstica y trabajo tuvieron más probabilidades de presentar síntomas depresivos en algunos grupos, con resultados más consistentes para las actividades domésticas. Los resultados mostraron que la relación entre actividad física y depresión entre los brasileños varía según el dominio y la duración, y el concepto de que "cada movimiento cuenta" parece ser correcto solo para el dominio del ocio.

Abstract: This study aimed to investigate the practice of physical activities in the four domains (leisure time, transportation, household, and work) and the prevalence of depressive symptoms in Brazilian adults, in general and stratified by sex, schooling level, and having or not a self-reported diagnosis of depression. This is a cross-sectional study with data from 88,531 individuals aged 18 years or older, who responded to the Brazilian National Health Survey in 2019. The depressive symptoms were evaluated by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Those who practice physical activities at least once a week in a given domain were considered physically active. Additionally, the calculation of physical activities duration was conducted and later divided into quartiles for each domain. For the association analyses, the crude odds ratio (crudeOR) and adjusted odds ratio (adjustedOR) were calculated for the total and stratified analyses. Individuals who are physically active during leisure time showed a lower chance of presenting depressive symptoms, in total (adjustedOR = 0.74; 95%CI: 0.64-0.86) and in all stratifications, except for individuals with self-reported depression. The associations of leisure-time physical activity were most frequent in those who practice from 121 to 360 minutes/week. The individuals who were active in the transportation, household, and work domains had a higher chance of presenting depressive symptoms in some groups, with more consistent results for household physical activities. The results showed that the relationship between physical activities and depression among Brazilians varies according to domain and duration, and that the concept that "every move counts" seemed to be correct only for the leisure-time domain.

Health and lifestyle parameters in peripheral artery disease at two periods of the COVID-19 pandemic: comparison between men and women

ABSTRACT Objective: This study analyzed the impact of sex on self-reported health and lifestyle parameters in peripheral artery disease patients at two periods of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: In this longitudinal study, 99 patients with peripheral artery disease (53 men and 46 women) were evaluated during two periods of the COVID-19 pandemic ( i.e ., at onset: May to August 2020, and on follow-up: May to August 2021). Patients were interviewed via telephone, and information regarding lifestyle and health parameters was obtained. Results: At the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, health and habit parameters were similar between women and men, with 63.0% and 45.3% indicating frequent fatigue, 73.9% and 84.9% reporting increased sitting time, and 23.9% and 39.6% practicing physical activity, respectively. At follow-up, difficulties in physical mobility (women: from 26.1% to 73.9%, p<0.001; men: from 39.6% to 71.7%, p=0.001) and the frequency of hospitalization for reasons other than COVID-19 increased similarly in women and men (women: from 4.3% to 21.7%, p=0.013; men: from 9.4% to 24.5%, p=0.038). The other parameters were similar between the periods. Conclusion: Self-reported physical mobility difficulties and hospitalization frequency increased in women and men with peripheral artery disease.

Quality of life of women who underwent breast cancer treatment relative to sociodemographic, behavioral, and clinical factors

ABSTRACT Objective Patients with cancer often undergo multiple extended treatments that decrease their quality of life. However, the quality of life of women with breast cancer after they undergo treatment remains underexplored in Brazil. Therefore, this study determined sociodemographic, behavioral, and clinical factors related to the post-treatment quality of life of women with breast cancer. Methods This cross-sectional study involved 101 women diagnosed with breast cancer between 2014 and 2016 and treated at a Brazilian Oncology Reference Service. Data were collected from them using face-to-face surveys. Quality of life was evaluated using the European Organization for the Research and Treatment of Cancer Core Quality of Life questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30) and EORTC Breast Cancer-specific Quality of Life questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-BR23). The data collected were analyzed using Student's t-test and Mann-Whitney U test. Results The median score on the global health, functional, and symptom scales of the EORTC QLQ-C30 was 75.00 (Interquartile range=33.33), 75.99 (Standard deviation [SD]=19.26), and 19.67 (SD=16.91), respectively. The mean score on the functional and symptom scales of the EORTC QLQ-BR23 was 61.89 (SD=17.21) and 20.12 (SD=16.94), respectively. Furthermore, higher post-treatment quality of life was found to be associated with being aged 50 or more, being Black, having eight or more years of education, having a partner, having a paying job, receiving treatment from the private healthcare system, having a higher income, living in the municipality where healthcare services are availed, engaging in physical activity, not smoking, being more religious, having more social support, not being overweight, having no comorbidities, and undergoing lumpectomy. Conclusion Sociodemographic, behavioral, and clinical factors significantly impact the quality of life of women who undergo breast cancer treatment. Implementing interventions that improve health and reducing inequalities in the access to healthcare services can improve the quality of life of these patients.

Os Seis Pilares da Medicina do Estilo de Vida no Manejo de Doenças Não Transmissíveis - As Lacunas nas Diretrizes Atuais / The Six Pillars of Lifestyle Medicine in Managing Noncommunicable Diseases - The Gaps in Current Guidelines

Resumo Fundamento: As doenças crônicas não transmissíveis (DCNT), também conhecidas como doenças crônicas de longa duração, são consideradas a principal causa de morte e incapacidade em todo o mundo, e os seis pilares da medicina do estilo de vida (nutrição, exercício, controle de tóxicos, manejo do estresse, saúde do sono e conexão social) desempenham um papel importante na gestão holística da sua prevenção e tratamento. Além disso, as diretrizes médicas são os documentos mais aceitos com recomendações para o manejo das DCNT. Objetivo: O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar a ausência de pilares de estilo de vida nas principais diretrizes médicas brasileiras sobre as DCNT e identificar evidências na literatura que possam justificar sua inclusão nos documentos. Método: As diretrizes brasileiras foram selecionadas de acordo com as causas de morte mais relevantes no Brasil, informadas pelo Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade publicado pelo Ministério da Saúde em 2019. Os periódicos foram selecionados na biblioteca PUBMED de acordo com a doença e os pilares do estilo de vida não mencionados. Resultados: Causas relevantes de mortes no Brasil são o infarto agudo do miocárdio (IAM), o diabetes mellitus (DM) e as doenças pulmonares obstrutivas crônicas (DPOC). Foram identificadas seis diretrizes relacionadas a essas DCNT e todas abordam aspectos do estilo de vida, mas apenas uma, referente à prevenção cardiovascular, destaca todos os seis pilares. Apesar disso, uma pesquisa bibliográfica envolvendo mais de 50 artigos mostrou que há evidências de que todos os pilares podem ajudar no controle de cada uma dessas DCNT. Conclusão: Raramente os seis pilares do estilo de vida são contemplados nas diretrizes brasileiras para IAM, DM e DPOC. A revisão da literatura identificou evidências de todos os pilares do estilo de vida para oferecer uma abordagem holística para a gestão e prevenção das DCNT.

Abstract Background: Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), also known as chronic diseases that are long-lasting, are considered the major cause of death and disability worldwide, and the six pillars of lifestyle medicine (nutrition, exercise, toxic control, stress management, restorative sleep, and social connection) play an important role in a holistic management of their prevention and treatment. In addition, medical guidelines are the most accepted documents with recommendations to manage NCDs. Objective: The present study aims to analyze the lack of lifestyle pillars concerning the major Brazilian medical guidelines for NCDs and identify evidence in the literature that could justify their inclusion in the documents. Method: Brazilian guidelines were selected according to the most relevant causes of death in Brazil, given by the Mortality Information System, published by the Brazilian Ministry of Health in 2019. Journals were screened in the PUBMED library according to the disease and non-mentioned pillars of lifestyle. Results: Relevant causes of deaths in Brazil are acute myocardial infarction (AMI), diabetes mellitus (DM), and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD). Six guidelines related to these NCDs were identified, and all address aspects of lifestyle, but only one, regarding cardiovascular prevention, highlights all six pillars. Despite this, a literature search involving over 50 articles showed that there is evidence that all the pillars can help control each of these NCDs. Conclusion: Rarely are the six pillars of lifestyle contemplated in Brazilian guidelines for AMI, DM, and COPD. The literature review identified evidence of all lifestyle pillars to offer a holistic approach for the management and prevention of NCDs.

Modernidade líquida e paradigma emergente: reflexões sobre estilo de vida dos estudantes de enfermagem / Liquid modernity and emerging paradigm: reflections on the lifestyle of nursing students / Modernidad líquida y paradigma emergente: reflexiones sobre el estilo de vida de los estudiantes de enfermería J

Objetivo: refletir sobre o estilo de vida dos estudantes de enfermagem no paradigma emergente da modernidade líquida. Conteúdo: ensaio reflexivo alicerçado em 20 artigos sobre o tema discutido criticamente em diálogo com os conceitos de paradigma emergente e modernidade líquida. A discussão se organizou em duas categorias: estilo de vida dos estudantes de enfermagem no contexto da modernidade líquida: da realidade social ao sofrimento psíquico; e estilo de vida dos estudantes de enfermagem e o paradigma emergente: dos paradigmas dominantes à individuação. Considerações finais: os tempos líquidos reverberam no estilo de vida e na saúde dos estudantes de enfermagem, agravando as doenças da pós-modernidade. Destaca-se a maneira como esses estudantes apreendem as dificuldades e o aprendizado que deduzem dessas oportunidades. O estilo de vida destes estudantes deve ponderar o alcance da perspectiva singular e profunda do ser inserido no paradigma emergente.

Objective: to reflect on the lifestyle of nursing students in the emerging paradigm of liquid modernity. Content: reflective essay based on 20 articles on the subject critically discussed in dialogue with the concepts of emerging paradigm and liquid modernity. The discussion was organized into two categories: nursing students' lifestyle in the context of liquid modernity: from social reality to psychic suffering; and lifestyle of nursing students and the emerging paradigm: from dominant paradigms to individuation. Final considerations: liquid times reverberate in the lifestyle and health of nursing students, aggravating postmodern diseases. It is worth highlighting the way in which these students apprehend the difficulties and the learning they deduce from these opportunities. The lifestyle of these students must consider the scope of the singular and profound perspective of being inserted in the emerging paradigm.

Objetivo: reflexionar sobre el estilo de vida de los estudiantes de enfermería bajo el prisma del paradigma emergente de la modernidad líquida. Contenido: ensayo reflexivo basado en 20 artículos sobre el tema, discutido críticamente en diálogo con los conceptos de paradigma emergente y modernidad líquida. La discusión se organizó en dos categorías: el estilo de vida de los estudiantes de enfermería en el contexto de la modernidad líquida: de la realidad social al sufrimiento psíquico; y estilo de vida de los estudiantes de enfermería y el paradigma emergente: de los paradigmas dominantes a la individuación. Consideraciones finales: los tiempos líquidos repercuten en el estilo de vida y la salud de los estudiantes de enfermería, agravando las enfermedades de la posmodernidad. Se destaca la forma cómo estos estudiantes entienden las dificultades y los aprendizajes que deducen de estas oportunidades. El estilo de vida de estos estudiantes debe considerar el alcance de la singular y profunda perspectiva de estar insertos en el paradigma emergente.

Relationship of vitamin D with the anthropometric indicators and lifestyle of adults. Medellín. Colombia

Introduction: Serum vitamin D levels depend on sunlight, diet, and other factors. Objective: We aimed to determine serum vitamin D levels and evaluate their relationship with anthropometric indicators and lifestyle habits in apparently healthy volunteers. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study (n=75), socio-demographic, anthropometric, and lifestyle habit-related data were collected. Serum vitamin D levels were determined with high performance liquid chromatography, food intake was measured by semiquantitative frequency and nutritional status was assessed by anthropometry. Chi-square test and also principal component analysis were used to analyze the relationship between some variables and vitamin D status. Spearman's test was used to determine correlations between quantitative variables. Results: 73% were women and 61% belonged to medium socio-economic level. Median vitamin D intake was 137 (83.1­227.3) IU/day. Based on body mass index (BMI), 44% individuals had overweight/obesity. The 68% exhibited deficient/insufficient vitamin D levels (Hypovitaminosis D). BMI classification and waist circumference (CW) were not related with vitamin D status; however, activities with higher sun exposure were highly related (p = 0.013). Sun exposure time explained variation in component 2 (16.60%), where most of the individuals with normal level were grouped. Sun exposure time was positively correlated with vitamin D status (r = 0.263; p = 0.023). Discussion: Excess weight and abdominal obesity are not always associated with hypovitaminosis D. Conclusions: The majority of individuals showed hypovitaminosis D but their status was not related with anthropometric indicators. A Sun exposure time was the only factor positively correlated with vitamin D status.

Introducción: Los niveles séricos de vitamina D dependen de la luz solar, la dieta y otros factores. Objetivo: Nuestro objetivo fue determinar los niveles séricos de vitamina D y evaluar su relación con indicadores antropométricos y estilos de vida en voluntarios aparentemente sanos. Materiales y métodos: En este estudio trasversal (n=75) se recogieron datos sociodemográficos, antropométricos y aquellos relacionados con hábitos y estilos de vida. La vitamina D se determinó por cromatografía liquida de alta eficiencia; la ingesta de alimentos, mediante frecuencia semicuantitativa, y el estado nutricional por antropometría. Para analizar la relación entre algunas variables y el estado de la vitamina D se usó la prueba de Chi cuadrado y también el análisis de componentes principales. Se empleó la prueba de Spearman para determinar la correlación entre variables cuantitativas. Resultados: El 73% eran mujeres y el 61% pertenecían a un estrato socioeconómico medio. La mediana de la ingesta de vitamina D fue de 137 (83,1­227,3) UI/día. Según el índice de masa corporal (IMC), el 44% de los individuos tenían sobrepeso/obesidad. El 68% mostro deficiencia/insuficiencia de vitamina D (hipovitaminosis D). La clasificación del IMC y la circunferencia abdominal no se relacionaron con el estado de la vitamina D; sin embargo, las actividades con una mayor exposición solar estuvieron altamente relacionadas (p=0,013). El tiempo de exposición solar explico la variación en el componente 2 (16,60%) donde se agruparon la mayoría de los individuos con niveles normales. El tiempo de exposición solar tuvo una correlación positiva con el estado de la vitamina D (r = 0,263; p = 0,023). Discusión: El exceso de peso y la obesidad abdominal no siempre se relacionan con la hipovitaminosis D. Conclusiones: La mayoría de los individuos presentaron hipovitaminosis D, pero su estado no se relacionó con los indicadores antropométricos. El tiempo de exposición al sol fue el único factor que se correlaciono positivamente con el estado de la vitamina D.

Introdução: Os níveis séricos de vitamina D dependem da luz solar, da dieta e de outros fatores. Objetivo: Nosso objetivo foi determinar os níveis séricos de vitamina D e avaliar sua relação com indicadores antropométricos e hábitos de vida em voluntários aparentemente saudáveis. Materiais e métodos: Neste estudo transversal (n=75), foram coletados dados sociodemográficos, antropométricos e relacionados a hábitos de vida. Os níveis séricos de vitamina D foram determinados por cromatografia liquida de alto desempenho, a ingestão de alimentos foi medida por frequência semiquantitativa e o estado nutricional foi avaliado por antropometria. O teste do qui-quadrado e a análise de componentes principais foram utilizados para analisar a relação entre algumas variáveis e o estado da vitamina D. O teste de Spearman foi usado para determinar as correlações entre as variáveis quantitativas. Resultados: 73% eram mulheres e 61% pertenciam a um nível socioeconômico médio. A ingestão media de vitamina D foi de 137 (83,1-227,3) UI/dia. Com base no índice de massa corporal (IMC), 44% dos indivíduos tinham sobrepeso/obesidade. Os 68% apresentaram níveis deficientes/insuficientes de vitamina D (hipovitaminose D). A classificação do IMC e a circunferência da cintura (CW) não foram relacionadas ao status da vitamina D; entretanto, as atividades com maior exposição ao sol foram altamente relacionadas (p = 0,013). O tempo de exposição ao sol explicou a variação no componente 2 (16,60%), onde a maioria dos indivíduos com nível normal foi agrupada. O tempo de exposição ao sol foi positivamente correlacionado com o status de vitamina D (r = 0,263; p = 0,023). Discussão: O excesso de peso e a obesidade abdominal nem sempre estão associados com a hipovitaminose D. Conclusões: A maioria dos indivíduos apresentou hipovitaminose D, mas seu status não foi relacionado com indicadores antropométricos. O tempo de exposição ao sol foi o único fator positivamente correlacionado com o status da vitamina D.

Estilo de vida y estado nutricional en estudiantes de una universidad pública peruana

Las alteraciones del estado nutricional es un problema que afecta a los estudiantes de las universidades, esto se debe en gran medida del estilo de vida que mantienen dentro de su condición socioeconómica, afectando de esta manera el éxito académico. Objetivo. Identificar la relación que existe entre el estilo de vida y el estado nutricional en estudiantes de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma Altoandina de Tarma - Junín, 2021. Materiales y métodos. Se desarrolló una investigación observacional, de diseño no experimental, de nivel correlacional, de tipo transversal y prospectivo; la población de estudio lo constituyeron el total de estudiantes de la universidad, se tuvo una muestra de 90 estudiantes, se usó la técnica de la encuesta y el instrumento fue un cuestionario para evaluación del estilo de vida en universitarios. Resultados. El estilo de vida predominante es la categoría de malo (38.89%), el 26.67% de estudiantes lleva un estilo de vida pésimo, y solo el 3.33% de estudiantes lleva un estilo de vida excelente; sin embargo, el 76.67% de estudiantes tienen un estado nutricional normal, el 18.89% de estudiantes tiene sobrepeso, y un total de 4,44% de estudiantes presenta delgadez u obesidad. Conclusiones. Se pudo establecer que existe una relación negativa baja entre el estilo de vida y el estado nutricional, lo que quiere decir, que el aspecto socioeconómico afecta la sostenibilidad y permanencia del estudiante dentro de la carrera universitaria, lo que significa que muchos de ellos, no llegasen a culminar sus estudios.

Alterations in nutritional status is a problem that affects university students, this is largely due to the lifestyle they maintain within their socioeconomic status, thus affecting academic success. Objective. To identify the relationship between lifestyle and nutritional status in students of the Universidad Nacional Autónoma Altoandina de Tarma - Junín, 2021. Materials and methods. An observational, non-experimental design, correlational, cross-sectional and prospective research was developed; the study population consisted of all the students of the university, a sample of 90 students was taken, the survey technique was used and the instrument was a questionnaire for the evaluation of lifestyle in university students. Results. The predominant lifestyle is the category of bad (38.89%), 26.67% of students have a very bad lifestyle, and only 3.33% of students have an excellent lifestyle; however, 76.67% of students have a normal nutritional status, 18.89% of students are overweight, and a total of 4.44% of students are thin or obese. Conclusions. It was possible to establish that there is a low negative relationship between lifestyle and nutritional status, which means that the socioeconomic aspect affects the sustainability and permanence of the student within the university career, which means that many of them do not finish their studies.

As alterações no estado nutricional são um problema que afeta os estudantes universitários, em grande parte devido ao estilo de vida que eles mantêm dentro de seu status socioeconômico, afetando assim o sucesso acadêmico. Objetivo. Identificar a relação entre estilo de vida e estado nutricional em estudantes da Universidade Nacional Autónoma Altoandina de Tarma - Junín, 2021. Materiais e métodos. Foi realizada uma pesquisa observacional, não experimental, correlacional, transversal e prospectiva; a população do estudo consistiu em todos os alunos da universidade, uma amostra de 90 alunos foi coletada, a técnica de pesquisa foi usada e o instrumento foi um questionário para a avaliação do estilo de vida em estudantes universitários. Resultados. A categoria predominante de estilo de vida é ruim (38,89%), 26,67% dos estudantes têm um estilo de vida ruim e apenas 3,33% dos estudantes têm um estilo de vida excelente; entretanto, 76,67% dos estudantes têm um estado nutricional normal, 18,89% dos estudantes estão acima do peso e um total de 4,44% dos estudantes são magros ou obesos. Conclusões. Foi possível estabelecer que há uma relação negativa baixa entre estilo de vida e estado nutricional, o que significa que o aspecto socioeconômico afeta a sustentabilidade e a permanência do aluno na carreira universitária, o que significa que muitos deles não conseguirão concluir seus estudos.

Lifestyle and eating habits of bank employees in Mozambique / Estilo de vida y hábitos alimenticios de banqueros em Mozambique / Estilo de vida e hábitos alimentares de bancários em Moçambique

Objective: to evaluate the lifestyle and eating habits of bank workers in Mozambique. Method: a cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach, with 32 employees from three bank branches, selected through convenience sampling, in 2021. A food frequency questionnaire and a lifestyle questionnaire were applied. Descriptive statistics were employed for data treatment using SPSS v.25, presenting the data as absolute and relative frequencies. Results: in terms of lifestyle, 65.6% of participants were physically active, 100% were non-smokers, and 40.6% preferred fruits and vegetables instead of sweet and savory foods. Regarding food consumption frequency, the bread and equivalents group had the highest daily intake, with French bread (44%) being the most consumed, followed by the fruit and vegetable group with lettuce leading consumption (44%). The third group was meat and equivalents with the most consumed food in that category being fried egg (28%). The least consumed food group was oils and sauces with the most consumed in the category being salad dressings (19%). Conclusion: more healthy lifestyles and eating habits were evidenced.

Determinantes sociales y salud ocular en pobladores adultos de una comunidad de Ica - 2022 / Social determinants of eye health in adult inhabitants of an Ica community -2022

Objetivo: Identificar los determinantes sociales relacionados a la salud ocular en pobladores adultos de una comunidad de Ica 2022. Materiales y métodos: Se desarrolló una investigación con enfoque cuantitativo de corte transversal, correlacional, donde se incluyó una muestra de 108 pobladores adultos del sector de Santa Bárbara del distrito de Tinguiña en Ica, obtenida por muestreo probabilístico; utilizando dos instrumentos elaborados por las autoras, cada uno fue sometido a validación (p: 0.031) y prueba de confiabilidad (α=0.81; KR-20: 0.83). Resultados: Se identificó como factor biológico sexo femenino en 69.4%, la edad promedio fue de 51.84 ±15.56; el 75% no refiere antecedentes familiares, dentro de los estilos de vida el 94% se expone a una pantalla electrónica, el 65% consume alimentos que protegen la visión y el 62% no toma en cuenta la distancia e iluminación adecuada para la lectoescritura; el 91% refirió recibir una atención sanitaria inadecuada, el 71% afirma que su situación económica no les permite atender su salud, 80% no accede a una consulta oftalmológica, ni cubren su tratamiento; asimismo, el 94% de los pobladores no cuidan su salud ocular. Conclusión: Los determinantes sociales de la salud ocular identificados corresponden a la deficiente situación socioeconómica (rs = 0.212; p: 0.027); el ingreso familiar deficiente para la atención de salud (rs = 0.25; p: 0.009); no cubrir la consulta oftalmológica (rs = 0.24; p: 0.012); ni el tratamiento que esta genera (rs = 0.213; p: 0.02). (AU)

Objective: To identify the social determinants associated with eye health in adult residents of a community in Ica 2022. Materials and methods: An investigation with a cross-sectional quantitative approach was developed, correlational, which included a sample of 108adult residents of the Santa Bárbara sector of the Tinguiña district in Ica, obtained by probabilistic sampling; using two instruments developed by the authors, each one was subjected to validation (p: 0.031) and reliability test (α=0.81; KR-20: 0.83). Results: Female sex was identified as a biological factor in 69.4%, the average age was 51.84 ±15.56; 75% do not refer family history, within lifestyles, 94% are exposed to an electronic screen, 65% consume foods that protect vision; 65% consume foods that protect vision and 62% do not take into account the distance and adequate lighting for reading and writing; 91% reported receiving inadequate health care, 71% affirm that their economic situation does not allow them to take care of their health, 80% do not access an ophthalmological consultation, nor do they cover their treatment; Likewise, 94% of the inhabitants do not take care of their eye health. Conclusion: The social determinants of ocular health identified correspond to the deficient socioeconomic situation (rs = 0.212; p: 0.027); deficient family income for health care (rs = 0.25; p: 0.009) and does not cover ophthalmology consultation (rs = 0.24; p: 0.012); nor the treatment that it generates (rs = 0.213; p: 0.02). (AU)

Role of Dietary Management and Physical Activity in Control of Hypertension in Rural Areas of Punjab-A Cross-sectional Study

Introduction: As reported by WHO, hypertension is the third ‘killer’ disease, accounting for one in every eight deaths worldwide. Many modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors are found to be associated with the disease. The present study aims to determine the role of dietary management and physical activity in the control of hypertension in a given population. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted that. Study included all hypertensive patients (290) from the field practice area of a tertiary care institute. A self-constructed, pretested questionnaire was used to enquire about the socio- demographic factors and other risk factors associated with hypertension. The data was analyzed using SPSS 23 and valid conclusions were drawn by using the chi-square test. Results: Out of 290 patients, 204 (70.3%) were females and 86 (29.7%) were males. Univariate analysis identified decreased salt intake, decreased fatty food consumption, physical activity, stress management, and spiritual help as highly significant factors affecting hypertension. On multivariate analysis, physical activity, stress management and spiritual help were found to be significant. Conclusion: The study showed that physical activity, stress management and spiritual help were significantly associated with hypertension control among the elderly. Measures should be taken to create awareness about lifestyle modifications in the control of hypertension.

Identifying Pre-hypertensives in the Community: At Risk Approach for Prevention of Hypertension

Introduction: Pre-hypertension is a borderline health state of increased blood pressure (BP) that falls short of the measurable parameters at which surveillance and/or therapy would be required. The approach of identifying people “At Risk” of developing hypertension can be more cost-effective and feasible for applying lifestyle interventions. Objectives: The objective of the present study is to find the prevalence of pre-hypertensives and associated bio-socio-demographic factors Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1946 participants aged 19 years and more in the Doiwala block of Dehradun, Uttarakhand. Multistage sampling was used to arrive at desired sample size. A pre-validated, structured questionnaire was used for data collection. The questionnaire included information on the socio-demographic profile (age, sex, education etc.), awareness about hypertension and its associated risk factors. Statistical Analysis: The chi-square test was used to compare proportions and draw inferences. Results: 958 (49.2%) study participants out of a total 1946 were found to be pre-hypertensives. A statistically significant association was found between pre-hypertension and factors such as male gender, age, education, occupation and waist-hip ratio. (p<0.05) Conclusion: It is recommended that identification on the pre-hypertensive group and subjecting them to lifestyle modification could be a fruitful strategy for preventing them from becoming hypertensive.

Obesity in Adolescents: Prevalence and Association with Sociodemographic and Lifestyle Factors

Introduction: Overweight and obesity has become a worldwide epidemic and is a growing public health concern. The increase in prevalence and severity of obesity among children and adolescents has been attributed largely to behavioral factors such as changing eating habits and sedentary lifestyles. Objective: To determine prevalence of obesity and abdominal obesity among adolescents and its association with sociodemographic factors and lifestyle. Methods: Present cross-sectional study was conducted in the urban field practice area under the Community Medicine Department of LLRM Medical College, Meerut, among 872 adolescents. All localities in the field area were covered and house to house survey was done. Questions were asked about eating patterns, physical activity and sedentary lifestyle. Data was collected and analyzed using appropriate statistical tests. Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 17.43, 6.88%, respectively. Obesity was significantly higher among females, those who indulged in unhealthy eating habits were physically inactive, watched television for a longer duration and ate junk while watching television. Conclusion: In the present study, we found that high junk food consumption and a sedentary lifestyle were found to be significantly associated with childhood overweight/obesity. As a result, timely interventions should be taken to improve awareness about healthy lifestyle behavior to prevent obesity and its complications among adolescents.

Exposure of patients with chronic kidney disease on dialysis to pesticides / Exposição de pacientes com doença renal crônica em tratamento dialítico aos agrotóxicos

ABSTRACT Introduction: Pesticides can trigger kidney disease. Objective: To describe the exposure to pesticides of patients with chronic kidney disease on dialysis. Methods: Quantitative and descriptive field research, with 90 patients with chronic kidney disease on dialysis in two hemodialysis units in the state of Santa Catarina, through the application of a structured questionnaire. Participants were divided into two groups: with and without exposure to pesticides. The questionnaire was applied in hemodialysis clinics during treatment. Laboratory test values were collected from clinical records. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and association using the chi-square test. For laboratory test data, a comparison of means was performed using the unpaired Student's t-test between the groups. Results: The mean age of exposed participants was 58 years (±13.7; minimum = 23; maximum = 75) and that of non-exposed participants was 64 years old (±13.9; minimum = 35; maximum = 96). Of the 90 patients, 30% were exposed to pesticides. The mean exposure time was 6.7 ± 3.8 hours/day. There was a statistically significant association between the preparation of the mixture with pesticides and diabetes (p ≤ 0.048). There was no statistically significant difference between the results of laboratory tests in the exposed and non-exposed groups. Conclusion: This study shows that pesticides can be triggering factors for chronic kidney disease (CKD); however, we must expand research in this field to prove the relationship between exposure to pesticides and CKD.

Resumo Introdução: O uso de agrotóxicos pode desencadear doença renal. Objetivo: Descrever a exposição a agrotóxicos de pacientes com doença renal crônica em tratamento dialítico. Métodos: Pesquisa de campo, quantitativa e descritiva, com 90 portadores de doença renal crônica em tratamento dialítico em duas unidades de hemodiálise no estado de Santa Catarina, por meio da aplicação de um questionário estruturado. Os participantes foram divididos em dois grupos: sem e com exposição a agrotóxicos. O questionário foi aplicado nas clínicas de hemodiálise durante o tratamento. Foram coletados valores de exames laboratoriais dos prontuários clínicos. Os dados foram analisados pela estatística descritiva e associação pelo teste qui-quadrado. Para os dados dos exames laboratoriais, foi realizada comparação de médias pelo teste t de Student não pareado entre os grupos. Resultados: A idade média dos participantes expostos foi de 58 anos (±13,7; mínimo = 23; máximo = 75) e a dos não expostos, de 64 anos (±13,9; mínimo = 35; máximo = 96). Dos 90 pacientes, 30% foram expostos a agrotóxicos. O tempo médio de exposição foi de 6,7 ± 3,8 horas/dia. Houve associação estatística significativa entre o preparo da calda com agrotóxicos e a presença de diabetes (p ≤ 0,048). Não houve diferença estatística significativa entre os resultados dos exames laboratoriais do grupo exposto e do não exposto. Conclusão Esta pesquisa evidencia que os agrotóxicos podem ser fatores desencadeadores da doença renal crônica (DRC), entretanto sugere-se ampliar pesquisas na área que possam comprovar a relação entre exposição a agrotóxicos e DRC.

Impact of e-cigarettes use on the oral health-related quality of life among young people in metropolitan Lima / Impacto en la calidad de vida relacionada a la salud oral del uso de cigarrillos electrónicos en los jóvenes de Lima metropolitana

Aim: To determine the effects of e-cigarette use on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQOL) in young people in Metropolitan Lima. Materials and Methods: This observational, analytical and cross-sectional study was performed with 189 individuals (age, 18­29 years) who used electronic cigarettes. The OHIP-Sp5 instrument was used to assess OHRQOL. Results: The use of e-cigarettes was higher among male participants (47.79%) than that among the female participants (26.32%). The mean OHRQOL scores of individuals who did and did not use e-cigarettes were 3.17 (2.26) and 3.12 (2.47), respectively These scores for people who did and did not use mouthwash were 2.92 (2.34) and 3.57 (2.43), respectively. Regarding orofacial pain 2.65% participants frequently re-ported "painful discomfort" and 7.41% of the young people presented such discomfort of orofacial aspect "frequently." Conclusions: Recording e-cigarette uses and frequency in patients' medical records is important, as well as incorporating educational strategies to reduce e-cigarette consumption and avoiding harmful effects on general health.

Objetivo: Evaluar el impacto en la calidad de vida relacionada a la salud oral del uso de cigarrillos electrónicos en los jóvenes de Lima Metropolitana. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, analítico y transversal en un total de 189 jóvenes con edades comprendidas de 18 a 29 años que son usuarios de cigarrillos electrónicos. Para evaluar la calidad de vida relacionada a la salud oral se utilizó el instrumento "OHIP-Sp5". Resultados: Se determinó que los participantes del sexo masculino (47.79%) son los que más utilizan el cigarrillo electrónico en comparación a las participantes del sexo femenino (26.32%). Se observó una calidad de vida relacionada a la salud oral media de 3,17 (2,26) para los usuarios de cigarrillos electrónicos, mientras que para los no usuarios de cigarrillos electrónicos la media fue de 3,12 (2,47). Asimismo, para los que usan enjuagues bucales se encontró una media de 2.92(2.34), a diferencia de los que no hacían uso del mismo que presentaban peor calidad de vida relacionada con la salud oral con una media de 3.57(2.43). En cuanto a dolor orofacial el 2.65% de los participantes referían "molestias dolorosas" a menudo y el 7.41% de los jóvenes presentaban dicho disconfort de la apariencia orofacial "a menudo". Conclusión: El registro del uso y frecuencia del cigarrillo electrónico en la historia clínica de los pacientes es de suma importancia, así como incorporar estrategias educativas para reducir el consumo de los vapeadores y evitar efectos nocivos en la salud general.

Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on non-communicable chronic lifestyle diseases in population of India: A systematic review

Background: Diabetes, chronic respiratory diseases, heart diseases, and cancers are diseases of public health importance in India. People with pre-existing non communicable diseases (NCDs) are vulnerable to COVID and associated complications. Risk factors for NCDs were found to have increased due to pandemic. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to study the impact of the COVID 19 on chronic NCDs and life style diseases. Materials and Methods: Articles from India published between March 2019 and May 2022 were searched from database such as PubMed, Scopus, Google scholar using MeSH and keywords such as “COVID 19” OR “Coronavirus” OR “SARS-2 CoVirus” AND Lifestyle diseases,” “COVID-19” OR “Coronavirus” OR “SARS-2 CoVirus” AND “Diabetes” OR “HYPERTENSION.” Summary of 18 articles was presented after inclusion and exclusion criterion and removing of duplicates. Results: Risk of COVID 19 in people with pre-existing non-communicable diseases is high, prognosis is poor, and complications are higher. COVID 19 and lockdown measures resulted in restrictions of movements, dietary and sleep pattern changes, psycho social impacts, non-availability or difficulty in procuring medicines, accessibility to health-care facilities, burden on health-care facilities, difficulties in (using or lack of awareness) about tele-consultations facilities, and thus burden of NCDs is expected to rise in future. Conclusions: COVID 19 pandemic had direct and indirect impact on screening, diagnosis and management of patients with NCDs. Burden of NCDs may rise thereby putting extra burden on health-care facilities which warrants preparedness.

Association of Dietary and Physical Activity Patterns and Hypertension in Western Rajasthan, 2022

Introduction: Hypertension (HTN) is a modifiable risk factor for coronary artery disease, heart failure, cerebrovascular disease and chronic renal failure. HTN affects about 1 billion people globally; by 2025, up to 1.58 billion adults worldwide are likely to suffer from complications of HTN. This study was done to know the diet and physical activity patterns and HTN among the population of three districts of Western Rajasthan. Objectives: To study the dietary and physical activity patterns among the population of Western Rajasthan. and to compare key findings among three districts Pali, Jodhpur and Barmer so that lifestyle changes can be recommended. Methods: A case-control study was done among attendees of NCD clinics of tertiary-level centers in Pali, Barmer and Jodhpur. Hospital Controls were matched to age (± 5 years) and gender Considering the prevalence of HTN to be 20%*, the proportion of exposure in the general population as 0.2, odds ratio to be 2.2, power =80%, alpha=5% sample size is estimated to be 102 cases & 102 controls (from each district). Results: Overall being married (OR= 3.3), having diabetes Cardiac disease (OR= 2.6), excessive salt consumption (OR= 2.7), moderate physical exercise less than 30 minutes (OR=1.9), using oil other than vegetable oil(OR=1.8) , Age >?60 years (OR =1.4) were the key risk factors. It was found that high BMI (BMI>27), consumption of non-vegetable oils (12.7%) was highest in Jodhpur, lack of moderate exercise for at least 30 minutes (81%), lack of sports activity (92%) was highest in Pali, least number of days/week of fruits and vegetables consumption (~1.64 days) was seen in Barmer. Conclusions: Change in quantity of salt consumption and incorporation of moderate physical exercise for >30 minutes was most followed in control of HTN among the attendees of NCD Clinics from the multiple advise given.

Turkish validity and reliability of the lifestyle questionnaire related to cancer

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to adapt the lifestyle questionnaire related to cancer in Turkish and investigate its validity and reliability. METHODS: This methodological study was conducted on 1,196 participants. Cronbach's α was used to assess validity and reliability. The internal consistency was evaluated using item-total correlation. RESULTS: The normed chi-square in this study was 5.87. The root mean square error of approximation was calculated as 0.051. The comparative fit index and the Tucker-Lewis Index were 0.83 and 0.81, respectively. The split-half method was used to test the reliability of the scale (Part 1 Cronbach's α: 0.826, Part 2 Cronbach's α: 0.812, and Adjusted Cronbach's α: 0.881). CONCLUSION: The Turkish version of lifestyle questionnaire related to cancer (8 subscales, 41 items) is a reliable and valid measure to evaluate lifestyle behaviors related to cancer in adults.

Estilo de vida de trabalhadores da educação de um instituto federal durante a pandemia de covid-19 / Lifestyle of education workers at a federal institute during the covid-19 pandemic / Estilo de vida de los trabajadores de la educación en un instituto federal durante la pandemia del covid-19

O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar o estilo de vida de trabalhadores da educação de um Instituto Federal durante o período de isolamento social provocado pela Covid-19. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de abordagem quantitativa, com objetivo descritivo, que utilizou para coleta de dados o questionário estilo de vida fantástico, o qual foi aplicado a trabalhadores da educação de um instituto federal do estado do Rio de Janeiro. A análise dos dados foi realizada por meio de estatística descritiva. Participaram 69 trabalhadores, dos quais 58% eram docentes e 42% técnicos administrativos. Verificou- se que os trabalhadores, dentro do possível, alcançaram resultados promissores na maior parte dos domínios. Entretanto, critérios como atividade física, nutrição, sono, tipo de comportamento e introspecção demonstraram fragilidade. Conclui-se que os participantes aderem a um estilo de vida saudável, porém é necessário incentivar o desenvolvimento de projetos com abordagens de trabalho intersetoriais e multidisciplinares, promovendo, assim, uma participação coletiva na construção de ambientes escolares saudáveis e com ações voltadas à promoção de um estilo de vida adequado aos trabalhadores.

The objective of this study is to evaluate the lifestyle of education workers at a Federal Institute during the period of social isolation caused by Covid-19. This is a research with a quantitative approach, with a descriptive objective, which used the fantastic lifestyle questionnaire for data collection, which was applied to education workers at a federal institute in the state of Rio de Janeiro. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics. 69 workers participated, of which 58% were teachers and 42% administrative technicians. It was found that workers, as far as possible, achieved promising results in most domains. However, criteria such as physical activity, nutrition, sleep, type of behavior and introspection showed weakness. It is concluded that the participants adhere to a healthy lifestyle, but it is necessary to encourage the development of projects with intersectoral and multidisciplinary work approaches, thus promoting collective participation in the construction of healthy school environments and with actions aimed at promoting a lifestyle suitable for workers.

El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar el estilo de vida de los trabajadores de la educación de un Instituto Federal durante el período de aislamiento social provocado por la Covid-19. Se trata de una investigación con enfoque cuantitativo, con objetivo descriptivo, que utilizó el cuestionario estilo de vida fantástico para la recolección de datos, que fue aplicado a trabajadores de la educación en un instituto federal en el estado de Río de Janeiro. El análisis de los datos se realizó mediante estadística descriptiva. Participaron 69 trabajadores, de los cuales el 58% fueron docentes y el 42% técnicos administrativos. Se encontró que los trabajadores, en la medida de lo posible, lograron resultados prometedores en la mayoría de los dominios. Sin embargo, criterios como actividad física, alimentación, sueño, tipo de conducta e introspección mostraron debilidad. Se concluye que los participantes adhieren a un estilo de vida saludable, pero es necesario incentivar el desarrollo de proyectos con enfoques de trabajo intersectorial y multidisciplinario, promoviendo así la participación colectiva en la construcción de ambientes escolares saludables y con acciones encaminadas a promover un estilo de vida adecuado para trabajadores.

Cartilha para estilo de vida saudável em pessoas com HIV: ensaio clínico / Cartilla de estilo de vida saludable para personas con VIH: ensayo clínico / Booklet for healthy lifestyle in people with HIV: a clinical trial

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar a efetividade de uma cartilha educativa para promoção do estilo de vida saudável e adesão aos antirretrovirais em pessoas com HIV. Métodos Ensaio clínico randomizado em ambulatório de Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil, com 70 pacientes no grupo intervenção e 74 no controle. Critérios de inclusão: pessoas com HIV maiores de 18 anos, de ambos os sexos, em terapia antirretroviral por mais de seis meses, ter telefone fixo ou celular, e 35 ou mais pontos na Escala de Letramento em Saúde. A coleta de dados ocorreu em quatro momentos, utilizando-se a Escala de Perfil do Estilo de Vida Individual e o Questionário para Avaliação da Adesão ao Tratamento Antirretroviral. O grupo controle recebeu a consulta médica de rotina, e o grupo intervenção, além da consulta de rotina, realizou a leitura da cartilha em consultório, e depois levou-a para o domicílio. Na estatística, utilizou-se análise de variância não paramétrica de medidas repetidas. Resultados A maioria dos participantes tinha estilo de vida insatisfatório na avaliação basal. A cartilha melhorou o estilo de vida dos pacientes após dois (P<0,001), quatro (P<0,001) e seis meses (P<0,001) da intervenção, quando comparados os diferentes tempos ao valor basal e ao controle. Houve melhora dos escores de adesão aos antirretrovirais no grupo intervenção quando comparado à linha de base (P<0,001) e ao controle (P<0,001). Conclusão A cartilha foi efetiva para promover estilo de vida saudável e melhorar a adesão aos antirretrovirais em pessoas com HIV, portanto, pode complementar as consultas ambulatoriais. Registro Brasileiro de Ensaios Clínicos (ReBEC): RBR-7p6vsr

Resumen Objetivo Evaluar la efectividad de una cartilla educativa para la promoción del estilo de vida saludable y adhesión a los antirretrovirales para personas con VIH. Métodos Ensayo clínico aleatorizado en consultorios externos de Fortaleza, estado de Ceará, Brasil, con 70 pacientes en el grupo experimental y 74 en el de control. Criterios de inclusión: personas con VIH mayores de 18 años, de ambos sexos, en tratamiento antirretroviral por más de seis meses, con teléfono fijo o celular y con 35 puntos o más en la Escala de Alfabetización en Salud. La recolección de datos se realizó en cuatro momentos, mediante la Escala de Perfil del Estilo de Vida y el Cuestionario para la Evaluación de la Adhesión al Tratamiento Antirretroviral. El grupo de control recibió una consulta médica de rutina, y el grupo experimental, además de la consulta de rutina, leyó la cartilla en el consultorio y después se la llevó a su casa. En la estadística, se usó el análisis de varianza no paramétrico de medidas repetidas. Resultados La mayoría de los participantes tenía un estilo de vida insatisfactorio en la evaluación de base. La cartilla mejoró el estilo de vida de los pacientes después de dos (P<0,001), cuatro (P<0,001) y seis meses (P<0,001) de la intervención, si se lo compara con los diferentes tiempos al valor de base y al control. Se observó una mejora de la puntuación de adhesión a los antirretrovirales en el grupo experimental si se lo compara con la línea de base (P<0,001) y con el control (P<0,001). Conclusión La cartilla fue efectiva para promover un estilo de vida saludable y mejorar la adhesión a los antirretrovirales en personas con VIH; por lo tanto, puede complementar las consultas de los consultorios externos.

Abstract Objective To assess the effectiveness of an educational booklet to promote healthy lifestyle and antiretroviral compliance in people with HIV. Methods This is a randomized clinical trial at an outpatient clinic in Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil, with 70 patients in the intervention group and 74 in the control group. People with HIV over 18 years of age, of both sexes, on antiretroviral therapy for more than six months, with a landline or cell phone, and 35 or more points on the Health Literacy Scale were included. Data collection took place in four moments, using the Individual Lifestyle Profile Scale and the Assessment of Antiretroviral Therapy Compliance Questionnaire (Cuestionario para la Evaluación de la Adhesión al Tratamiento Antirretroviral). The control group received routine medical consultation, and the intervention group, in addition to routine consultation, read the booklet in the office, and then took it home. Non-parametric analysis of variance of repeated measures was used for statistics. Results Most participants had an unsatisfactory lifestyle at baseline. The booklet improved patients' lifestyle after two (P<0.001), four (P<0.001) and six months (P<0.001) of intervention, when comparing the different times to baseline and control. There was an improvement in antiretroviral compliance scores in the intervention group when compared to baseline (P<0.001) and control (P<0.001). Conclusion The booklet was effective in promoting a healthy lifestyle and improving antiretroviral compliance in people with HIV, therefore, it can complement outpatient consultations. Brazilian Clinical Trial Registry (ReBEC): RBR-7p6vsr